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05.2 Bio and Hydrogenous Sediments
05.2 Bio and Hydrogenous Sediments
05.2 Bio and Hydrogenous Sediments
6.3: Hydrogenous Sediments [1]
Hydrogenous sediments are sediments directly precipitated from water. Examples include rocks called evaporites formed by the evaporation of salt bearing water (seawater or briny freshwater).
Examples include minerals halite [salt] (NaCl) and gypsum (CaSO4 • x H2O).. rock salt—a rock dominantly composed of sodium chloride (NaCl – the mineral halite; Figure 6.8)
gypsum—a mineral composed of hydrous calcium sulfate (CaSO4-2H2O); an evaporite mineral used in the manufacture of plaster. Gypsum is deposited by concentrated seawater and by evaporation of freshwater in arid regions
12.4 Hydrogenous Sediments – Introduction to Oceanography [2]
Methane hydrate section modified from “Physical Geology” by Steven Earle*. As we saw in section 5.3 seawater contains many different dissolved substances
These reactions are usually triggered by a change in conditions, such as a change in temperature, pressure, or pH, which reduces the amount of a substance that can remain in a dissolved state. There is not a lot of hydrogenous sediment in the ocean compared to or sediments, but there are some interesting forms.
This superheated water contains many dissolved substances, and when it encounters the cold seawater after leaving the vent, these particles precipitate out, mostly as metal sulfides. These particles make up the “smoke” that flows from a vent, and may eventually settle on the bottom as hydrogenous sediment (Figure 12.4.1).
12.4 Hydrogenous Sediments – Introduction to Oceanography [3]
Methane hydrate section modified from “Physical Geology” by Steven Earle*. As we saw in section 5.3 seawater contains many different dissolved substances
These reactions are usually triggered by a change in conditions, such as a change in temperature, pressure, or pH, which reduces the amount of a substance that can remain in a dissolved state. There is not a lot of hydrogenous sediment in the ocean compared to or sediments, but there are some interesting forms.
This superheated water contains many dissolved substances, and when it encounters the cold seawater after leaving the vent, these particles precipitate out, mostly as metal sulfides. These particles make up the “smoke” that flows from a vent, and may eventually settle on the bottom as hydrogenous sediment (Figure 12.4.1).
6.27: Quiz Questions – Chapter 6 – Marine Sediments [4]
6.27: Quiz Questions – Chapter 6 – Marine Sediments. Where are the thickest accumulations of sediments mostly found around the world?
the alteration of igneous rocks into sand and clay minerals. the removal of material by flowing water, air, or ice
salts dissolved in water flowing off of the continents or water flowing through sediments or rocks underground.. the concentration of water through evaporation of ocean water.
Oceanography Ch. 4 [5]
The major force bringing continental sediments to the open ocean is (are). Which of the following is not an important control on oceanic sediment accumulation?
Texture refers to the size and shape of sediment particles.. Sediments which are poorly sorted and made of a variety of minerals could have been deposited by
Underlying the unconsolidated sediments of the seafloor are __________.. Large volumes of bottom sediments may be transported long distances by __________.
Marine Sediments Pre-lab [6]
Use the information below to answer the pre-lab questions.. This information is adopted from materials developed by Professor Alan Trujillo, Palomar College
However, the sea floor is covered in most places by layers of sediment. Examples are sand lying on a beach, mud at the bottom of a lake, or gravel on a riverbed.
Likewise, wind blows fine particles from the land out to sea. Organisms in the surface waters provide a continuous supply of skeletal material that rains down onto the sea floor
Marine sediment [7]
Marine sediment, or ocean sediment, or seafloor sediment, are deposits of insoluble particles that have accumulated on the seafloor. These particles have their origins in soil and rocks and have been transported from the land to the sea, mainly by rivers but also by dust carried by wind and by the flow of glaciers into the sea
Except within a few kilometres of a mid-ocean ridge, where the volcanic rock is still relatively young, most parts of the seafloor are covered in sediment. This material comes from several different sources and is highly variable in composition
Near the surface seafloor sediment remains unconsolidated, but at depths of hundreds to thousands of metres the sediment becomes lithified (turned to rock).. Rates of sediment accumulation are relatively slow throughout most of the ocean, in many cases taking thousands of years for any significant deposits to form
Chapter 4: Marine Sediments Flashcards [8]
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;. cylindrical samples of sediment retrieved from ocean drilling
where does siliceous ooze originate: warm or cold water?. 2 most common types of biogenous sediment (chemicals)
a fine-grained sediment with greater than 30% biological material. a sediment deposited after precipitating from seawater
Easy Peasy All-in-One High School [9]
Sediment is any loose material which can be transported by a liquid that eventually settles at the bottom of the liquid. In the ocean, the sediment consists of organic and inorganic matter from the weathering and erosion of rocks, the activity of living organisms, from volcanic eruptions, space, or from the chemical processes within the ocean itself
Additionally, marine sediment often comes in different colors. Organic sediment is often white, cream colored, or gray
Other clays can be green or tan and nodular sediments are dark brown or black.. Sediment is classified by particle size ranging from large boulders to fine clay
Earth Science Exam #2 The Ocean [10]
Test on Ocean Sediments, Ocean Floor, El Nino and La Nina. A) are sites for submarine eruptions of basaltic lava A) are sites for submarine eruptions of basaltic lava
C) terrigenous sediment coverings are very thin or absent. D) sediments include thick siliceous ooze deposits and sandy turbidite beds
A) the Southern Hemisphere has much more water surface than the Northern Hemisphere. B) the Northern Hemisphere has much more water surface than the Southern Hemisphere
Sources
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Oceanography_101_(Miracosta)/06%3A_Marine_Sediments/6.03%3A_Hydrogenous_Sediments#:~:text=Hydrogenous%20sediments%20are%20sediments%20directly,(seawater%20or%20briny%20freshwater).
- https://rwu.pressbooks.pub/webboceanography/chapter/12-4-hydrogenous-sediments/#:~:text=Evaporites%20are%20hydrogenous%20sediments%20that,halite%20(salt%2C%20NaCl).
- https://rwu.pressbooks.pub/webboceanography/chapter/12-4-hydrogenous-sediments/
- https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Oceanography_101_(Miracosta)/06%3A_Marine_Sediments/6.27%3A_Quiz_Questions_-_Chapter_6_-_Marine_Sediments
- https://subjecto.com/flashcards/oceanography-ch-4/
- http://home.miracosta.edu/kmeldahl/prelabs/sediments-pre-lab.htm
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment
- https://www.cram.com/flashcards/essofocean8ed-chapter-4-marine-sediments-741963
- https://allinonehighschool.com/instruction-marine-sediments/
- https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=earth-science-exam-2-the-ocean
