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What is Cultural Integration?
What is Cultural Integration?
What is Cultural Integration?
2.1: What is Culture? [1]
Culture is a concept that often invokes thoughts of a Monet, a Mozart symphony, or ballerinas in tutus dancing in a production of Swan Lake. In popular vernacular, culture often refers to the arts; a person that is cultured has knowledge of and is a patron of the arts
Within anthropology, these things are simply aspects of culture. To understand the anthropological concept of culture, we need to think broader and holistically.
Even today some anthropologists criticize the culture concept as oversimplifying and stereotyping cultures, which will be discussed more below. The first anthropological definition of culture comes from 19th-century British anthropologist Edward Tylor:
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2.1: What is Culture? [3]
Culture is a concept that often invokes thoughts of a Monet, a Mozart symphony, or ballerinas in tutus dancing in a production of Swan Lake. In popular vernacular, culture often refers to the arts; a person that is cultured has knowledge of and is a patron of the arts
Within anthropology, these things are simply aspects of culture. To understand the anthropological concept of culture, we need to think broader and holistically.
Even today some anthropologists criticize the culture concept as oversimplifying and stereotyping cultures, which will be discussed more below. The first anthropological definition of culture comes from 19th-century British anthropologist Edward Tylor:
Introduction to Anthropology – Discovering Cultural Anthropology [4]
Perspectives: An Open Introduction to Cultural Anthropology (Second Edition). by Nina Brown, Thomas McIlwraith, Laura Tubelle de González
– Identify the four subfields of anthropology and describe the kinds of research projects associated with each subfield.. – Define culture and the six characteristics of culture.
– Discuss ethnocentrism and the role it played in early attempts to understand other cultures.. – Explain how the perspectives of holism, cultural relativism, comparison, and fieldwork, as well as both scientific and humanistic tendencies make anthropology a unique discipline.
Chapter 2 Summary [5]
– Native American sports mascots remain a controversial issue, both sides holding taken-for-granted positions on what an appropriate tradition is. – Anthropologists use the term “culture” as a concept that refers to the perspectives and actions that a group of people consider natural and self-evident
– This chapter focuses on the question of how the concept of culture helps explain the differences and similarities in people’s ways of life.. – If culture is always changing, why does it feel so stable?
– Despite hundreds of subtly different definitions of “culture” in the anthropological literature, this situation does not hobble anthropology. Tylor (1832–1917) was a founding figure of cultural anthropology
Chapter 8: The Characteristics of Culture [6]
If you ask 100 anthropologists to define culture, you’ll get 100 different definitions. However, most of these definitions would emphasize roughly the same things: that culture is shared, transmitted through learning and helps shape behavior and beliefs
One of the earliest definitions of culture was put forth by Tylor in 1871: “Culture, or civilization, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”. The book defines culture as, “a society’s shared and socially transmitted ideas, values and perceptions, which are used to make sense of experience and generate behavior and are reflected in that behavior (147).”
All cultures have to provide for the physical, emotional, and social needs of their members, enculturate new members, resolve conflicts and promote survival for their members.. Society must balance the needs of the whole with the needs of the individual
Characteristics of Culture [7]
I’d like to expand on that post here, and go into more detail on the characteristics of culture. There are many definitions of culture, but the most famous one is from E
Basically this definition just means that culture is the whole way of living, from knowledge and beliefs to customs and habits. Culture is learned, shared, symbolic, integrated, adaptive, and dynamic
So, let’s start with the first of the characteristics of culture–culture is learned. Culture is not genetic—we are not born with culture
Chapter 2.1 … The Anthropological Perspective: The Art of Seeing [8]
There are these two young fish swimming along, and they happen to meet an older fish swimming the other way, who nods at them and says, “Morning, boys, how’s the water?” And the two young fish swim on for a bit, and then eventually one of them looks over at the other and goes, “What the hell is water?”. We’re so immersed in our own ideas and assumptions that we can’t see them
This is one of the great virtues of encountering someone or some place that is radically different from what we know. We see the contrast between how we do things and how they do things, and we can then see ourselves in a new light.
Second, we have to “see big,” to see the larger cultural, social, economic, historical, and political forces that shape our everyday lives. Third, we have to “see small,” paying close attention to the smallest details and understanding their significance
Selected Perspectives: an Open Introduction to Cultural Anthropology [9]
– Compare and contrast the ideas of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.. – Identify key founding figures in anthropology and their contributions to the field.
Do you think culture can be studied in a coffee shop? Have you ever gone to a coffee shop, sat down with a book or laptop, and listened to conversations around you? If you just answered yes, in a way, you were acting as an anthropologist. Anthropologists like to become a part of their surroundings, observing and participating with people doing day-to-day things
What better place to meet than at our community coffee shop?. Our small coffee shop was filled with the aroma of coffee beans, and the voices of people competed with the sound of the coffee grinder
History and Branches of Anthropology [10]
Anthropology is the study of the origin and development of human societies and cultures.. Anthropology, Archaeology, Sociology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Ancient Civilizations, World History
Culture is the learned behavior of people, including their languages, belief systems, social structures, institutions, and material goods. Anthropologists study the characteristics of past and present human communities through a variety of techniques
Anthropologists aim to study and present their human subjects in a clear and unbiased way. They attempt to achieve this by observing subjects in their local environment
What are the key components of the anthropological perspective? [11]
Anthropology is the study of human commonalities and diversity. It seeks answers to questions about the different ways of being human, the commonalities and differences between societies in different parts of the world, the impact of different lifestyles and how these developed over time
These include a holistic approach to understanding human behaviour, an emphasis on cultural relativism, and a commitment to participant observation as a method of data collection.. Additionally, anthropologists often focus on the ways in which power structures and social inequalities shape human experience, and they may also examine the intersections between biology and culture.
There are three key components of the anthropological perspective – they are comparative or cross-cultural studies, holism and cultural relativism.. Components of the Anthropological Perspective (1) – Comparative or cross-cultural studies
Functionalism [12]
By Eric Porth, Kimberley Neutzling and Jessica Edwards. Functionalists seek to describe the different parts of a society and their relationship by means of an organic analogy
The organism is able to live, reproduce and function through the organized system of its several parts and organs. Like a biological organism, a society is able to maintain its essential processes through the way that the different parts interact
Functionalist analyses examine the social significance of phenomena, that is, the function they serve a particular society in maintaining the whole (Jarvie 1973). Functionalism, as a school of thought in anthropology, emerged in the early twentieth century
Sources
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/HACC_Central_Pennsylvania’s_Community_College/ANTH_205%3A_Cultures_of_the_World_-_Perspectives_on_Culture_(Scheib)/02%3A_What_is_Culture/2.01%3A_What_is_Culture#:~:text=Definition%3A%20culture-,A%20set%20of%20beliefs%2C%20practices%2C%20and%20symbols%20that%20are%20learned,shapes%20their%20worldview%20and%20lifeways.
- https://biology-forums.com/index.php?topic=864682.0
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/HACC_Central_Pennsylvania’s_Community_College/ANTH_205%3A_Cultures_of_the_World_-_Perspectives_on_Culture_(Scheib)/02%3A_What_is_Culture/2.01%3A_What_is_Culture
- https://pressbooks.cuny.edu/discoveringculturalanthropology/chapter/introduction-to-anthropology/
- https://learninglink.oup.com/access/content/welsch-vivanco-concise2e-student-resources/welsch-vivanco-concise2e-chapter-2-summary
- https://www.nideffer.net/classes/GCT_RPI_S14/readings/Chap8CharacteristicsofCulture.htm
- https://anthropology4u.com/characteristics-of-culture/
- https://anth101.com/the-art-of-seeing/
- https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-esc-culturalanthropology/chapter/culture_concept/
- https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/history-branches-anthropology/
- https://anthropologyreview.org/anthropology-explainers/key-components-of-the-anthropological-perspective/
- https://anthropology.ua.edu/theory/functionalism/
