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Basics of Working With Storage Devices in Linux
Basics of Working With Storage Devices in Linux
Basics of Working With Storage Devices in Linux
File and Folder Organization – long draft [1]
Following best practices for managing your research data can ensure it will be available to other researchers in the long term. Not all of these suggested guidelines will always apply to every discipline or project
Choose a consistent organizational structure for all of your project folders. Although it may seem obvious, thinking about the structure of your folders and planning effectively makes navigation much easier
In conjunction with a consistent file naming convention, an efficient structure saves a lot of time.. Descriptions of hierarchical and tag-based methods are adapted from those presented by MIT Libraries.
Files and Clusters – Win32 apps [2]
A file is a unit of data in the file system that a user can access and manage. It consists of one or more streams of bytes that hold a set of related data, plus a set of attributes (also called properties) that describe the file or the data within the file
When a file is created, one unnamed default stream is created to store all data written to the file while it is open. You can also create additional streams within the file
The following figure depicts a file with the default stream and two alternate streams.. File attributes are not stored in the data streams with the file data, but are stored elsewhere and managed by the operating system.
Understanding File and Folder Permissions in Windows [3]
Article Summary: This article discusses NTFS permissions and share permissions in Windows and how they work together to regulate access to files and folders.. Windows provides two sets of permissions to restrict access to files and folders: NTFS permissions and share permissions.
By default, permissions are inherited from a root folder to the files and subfolders beneath it, though this inheritance can be disabled. NTFS permissions take effect regardless of whether a file or folder is accessed locally or remotely
There is also an advanced set of NTFS permissions, which divides the basic access levels into more granular settings. These advanced permissions vary depending on the type of object to which they are applied
Data Storage Fundamentals: Understanding the Key Terms [4]
Data Storage Fundamentals: Understanding the Key Terms. LUNs, volumes, and partitions are three of the most fundamental concepts in data storage
So we’re going to break down just what they are and how they relate to each other.. LUNs (logical unit number) are critical for managing block storage over a SAN
The disk or volume could be a single drive, a partition of a single drive, or a volume from a RAID controller.. LUNs are used to present larger or smaller views of the disk to the server
Operating Systems Chapter 4 Flashcards [5]
|Older style file name format in which the name of the file can be up to eight characters long, followed by a period and an extension of three characters.|. |The logical portion of a hard disk drive that is currently being used to store data
|In the MAC file system a feature that presents an icon that represents an executable file. Equivalent to the Unix/Linux Link and the Windows shortcut.|
Each Mac volume is divided into 216(65535) individual units.|. |On a hard disk drive areas of the surface that cannot be used to safely store data
Documentation [6]
In this chapter you will learn how to work with files systems.. Objectives : In this chapter, future Linux administrators will learn how to:
the different types of files offered and how to work with them;. Partitioning will allow the installation of several operating systems because it is impossible to have several of them cohabit on the same logical drive
The division of the physical disk into partitioned volumes is recorded in the partition table, stored in the first sector of the disk (MBR: Master Boot Record).. For MBR partition table types, the same physical disk can be divided into a maximum of 4 partitions:
What Is a File System? Types of Computer File Systems and How they Work – Explained with Examples [7]
It’s a bit tricky to explain what exactly a file system is in just one sentence.. This post is meant to be a high-level overview of file systems
A file system defines how files are named, stored, and retrieved from a storage device.. Every time you open a file on your computer or smart device, your operating system uses its file system internally to load it from the storage device.
Whenever you download a file or access a web page over the Internet, a file system is involved too.. For instance, if you access a page on freeCodeCamp, your browser sends an HTTP request to freeCodeCamp’s server to fetch the page
File System Implementation in Operating System [8]
The file system resides on secondary storage and provides efficient and convenient access to the disk by allowing data to be stored, located, and retrieved.. File system implementation in an operating system refers to how the file system manages the storage and retrieval of data on a physical storage device such as a hard drive, solid-state drive, or flash drive
– File System Structure: The file system structure refers to how the files and directories are organized and stored on the physical storage device. This includes the layout of file systems data structures such as the directory structure, file allocation table, and inodes.
This can include allocation techniques such as contiguous allocation, linked allocation, indexed allocation, or a combination of these techniques.. – Data Retrieval: The file system implementation determines how the data is read from and written to the physical storage device
Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition [9]
Chapter 4 File Systems Guide to Operating Systems, 5th Edition Chapter 4 File Systems. Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
All information stored on a computer’s hard disk is managed, stored, and retrieved through a file system The file system allocates locations on a disk for storage and it keeps a record of where specific information is kept When you need the information, the file system consults its records to determine the location and then retrieves the information. Some file systems also implement recovery procedures when a disk area is damaged or when the OS goes down, such as during a power failure
File systems used by operating systems perform the following general tasks: Provide a convenient interface for users and applications to open and save files When a user double-clicks a file to open it, the user interface calls the file system with a request to open the file. The file type determines exactly how the file is opened
Disk partitioning [10]
Disk partitioning or disk slicing[1] is the creation of one or more regions on secondary storage, so that each region can be managed separately.[2] These regions are called partitions. It is typically the first step of preparing a newly installed disk, before any file system is created
Each partition then appears to the operating system as a distinct “logical” disk that uses part of the actual disk. System administrators use a program called a partition editor to create, resize, delete, and manipulate the partitions.[3] Partitioning allows the use of different filesystems to be installed for different kinds of files
A disadvantage is that it can be difficult to properly size partitions, resulting in having one partition with too much free space and another nearly totally allocated.. IBM in its 1983 release of PC DOS version 2.0 was an early if not first use of the term partition to describe dividing a block storage device such as an HDD into physical segments
Operating Systems: File-System Implementation [11]
– File systems store several important data structures on the disk:. the boot block in UNIX or the partition boot sector in Windows contains information about how to boot the system off of this disk
the master file table in UNIX or the superblock in Windows, which contains information such as the partition table, number of blocks on each filesystem, and pointers to free blocks and free FCB blocks.. – A directory structure ( per file system ), containing file names and pointers to corresponding FCBs
– The File Control Block, FCB, ( per file ) containing details about ownership, size, permissions, dates, etc. UNIX stores this information in inodes, and NTFS in the master file table as a relational database structure.
What is a storage volume and how does it work? [12]
A storage volume is an identifiable unit of data storage. It can be a removable hard disk, but it does not have to be a unit that can be physically removed from a computer or storage system.
A physical volume is based on a hard disk drive, solid-state drive, compact disc read-only memory, digital video disk, floppy disk or other type of storage device. The volume represents a named area of storage that enables users and applications to access the data on the underlying device
The terms volume and disk are often used interchangeably, but strictly speaking, they’re not the same thing. A volume is a named logical area of the physical disk
Creating a disk partition in Linux [13]
Creating and deleting partitions in Linux is a regular practice because storage devices (such as hard drives and USB drives) must be structured in some way before they can be used. In most cases, large storage devices are divided into separate sections called partitions
Partitioning is particularly useful if you run multiple operating systems.. This procedure describes how to partition a storage disk in Linux using the
/dev/vda) will contain the operating system, so look for another disk to find the one you want. sudo parted -l Model: ATA RevuAhn_850X1TU5 (scsi) Disk /dev/vdc: 512GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Disk Flags: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 525MB 524MB primary ext4 boot 2 525MB 512GB 512GB primary lvm
Sources
- https://library.ucmerced.edu/node/66751#:~:text=A%20hierarchical%20structure%20is%20a,your%20hierarchy%20before%20creating%20it.
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/fileio/files-and-clusters#:~:text=The%20fundamental%20storage%20unit%20of,is%20a%20group%20of%20sectors.
- https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000137238/understanding-file-and-folder-permissions-in-windows#:~:text=If%20the%20file%20is%20accessed,the%20most%20restrictive%20permission%20applies.
- https://www.parkplacetechnologies.com/blog/storage-fundamentals-understanding-key-terms/#:~:text=A%20volume%20is%20a%20single,an%20operating%20system’s%20logical%20interface.
- https://www.flashcardmachine.com/operating-systemschapter4.html
- https://docs.rockylinux.org/books/admin_guide/07-file-systems/
- https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/file-systems-architecture-explained/
- https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/file-system-implementation-in-operating-system/
- https://slideplayer.com/slide/12265933/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning
- https://www.cs.uic.edu/~jbell/CourseNotes/OperatingSystems/12_FileSystemImplementation.html
- https://www.techtarget.com/searchstorage/definition/volume
- https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/creating-a-disk-partition-in-linux/
