This page presents Peru’s climate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data. Information should be used to build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected change

Analysis is available for both annual and seasonal data. Data presentation defaults to national-scale aggregation, however sub-national data aggregations can be accessed by clicking within a country, on a sub-national unit

Data for specific coordinates can be downloaded for in the Data Download page.. Observed, historical data is produced by the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of University of East Anglia

|Peak||Aconcagua, Las Heras Department, Mendoza, Argentina|. |Coordinates||32°39′11.51″S 070°0′40.32″W / 32.6531972°S 70.0112000°W|

The range is 8,900 km (5,530 mi) long, 200 to 700 km (124 to 435 mi) wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S latitude), and has an average height of about 4,000 m (13,123 ft). The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina.

The Andes are the location of several high plateaus—some of which host major cities such as Quito, Bogotá, Cali, Arequipa, Medellín, Bucaramanga, Sucre, Mérida, El Alto and La Paz. The Altiplano Plateau is the world’s second-highest after the Tibetan Plateau

The Andes span a wide latitudinal range from 5°N to 55°S, and the modern vegetation types and altitudinal zonation are quite diverse along the length of the cordillera. In the northern Andes of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia, the upper limit of the Andean forest lies at ca

1500 m at latitude 40°S and to 500 m at latitude 55°S. The northern Andes receive moisture from convection related to the easterly trade winds, whereas the southern Andes are under the influence of the westerlies

Consequently, the Holocene vegetation changes recorded at northern sites primarily involve proportional shifts between Andean forest and paramo elements and, therefore, record tree-line changes and temperature shifts. At southern sites, however, the pollen data indicate changes between different forest types, and the inferred climate signal is primarily precipitation and seasonality.

The southern part is rainy and cold and the central part is very dry. The mountains have a large influence on the climate in the surrounding areas especially in the interior where the Andes borders the rainforest.

The northern part of the Andes is typically rainy and warm and the weather is also wet in the eastern part of central Andes and the area to the southwest. To the west the dry climate is dominated by the Atacama Desert in northern Chile.

Vertical climatic zones are particularly well-defined in the Andes ranging from humid to warm (tierra caliente) at the base or foothills temperate and semi-humid (tierra templada) at mid-level cool and dry (tierra fría) in the highlands and cold to freezing (tierra helada) in the glacial summit areas.. ∎ Five climate zones: Caliente (hot) Templada (warm) Fria (cold) Helada (frozen) and Paramos

|Peak||Aconcagua, Las Heras Department, Mendoza, Argentina|. |Coordinates||32°39′11.51″S 070°0′40.32″W / 32.6531972°S 70.0112000°W|

The range is 8,900 km (5,530 mi) long, 200 to 700 km (124 to 435 mi) wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S latitude), and has an average height of about 4,000 m (13,123 ft). The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina.

The Andes are the location of several high plateaus—some of which host major cities such as Quito, Bogotá, Cali, Arequipa, Medellín, Bucaramanga, Sucre, Mérida, El Alto and La Paz. The Altiplano Plateau is the world’s second-highest after the Tibetan Plateau

The Andes are a mountain range along the western coast of South America.. They stretch over 7,000 km / 4,400 miles from the south of Argentina and Chile to the north of Colombia

The Andes are the longest exposed mountain range of the world, and the second-highest after the Himalayas. The Andes mountain range is the highest mountain range outside Asia.

The top of Mount Chimborazo in the Ecuadorean Andes is the point on the Earth’s surface most distant from its center. Mount Chimborazo is an inactive volcano in Ecuador, which last erupted over a thousand years ago.

There is a lot of rain in the northern part of the Andes. There is a lot of rain in the south and a lot of snow in the north

What Is The Climate And Geography Of The Andes Region?. In the northern part of the Andes, there is typically a rainy climate, while in the eastern part of the Andes, and in the southwest, there is also a wet climate

What Are The Four Climate Regions Of The Andes Mountains?. The Andes have a wide range of vertical climatic zones, from humid to warm (tierra caliente) at the base or foothills to temperate and semi-humid (tierra templada) at mid-level to cool and dry (tierra fra) in the highlands.

A rough and eroded high mass of mountains called the Loja Knot (4° S) in southern Ecuador marks the transition between the Peruvian cordilleras and the Ecuadorian Andes. The Ecuadorian system consists of a long, narrow plateau running from south to north bordered by two mountain chains containing numerous high volcanoes

The eastern border is the higher and older Cordillera Central, capped by a line of 20 volcanoes; some of these, such as Chimborazu Volcano (20,702 feet), have permanent snowcaps.. The outpouring of lava from these volcanoes has divided the central plateau into 10 major basins that are strung in beadlike fashion between the two cordilleras

A third cordillera has been identified in the eastern jungle of Ecuador and has been named the Cordillera Oriental. The range appears to be an ancient alluvial formation that has been divided by rivers and heavy rainfall into a number of mountain masses

The Andes Mountains line the western edge of South America, from Venezuela all the way along Chile to South America’s southern tip, crossing through Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. There’s no other location on the surface of the Earth that is farther from the Earth’s centre than the peak of Chimborazo in the Ecuadorean Andes, located in Ecuador, Mount Chimborazo is a dormant volcano

They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America, along that route, they cross through Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia .The range is over 7,000 km (4,300 miles) long, 200 km (120 miles) to 700 km (430 miles) wide and of an average height of about 4,000 m (13,000 ft). Over its length, the Andean range is split into several ranges, often two great ranges, named Cordillera Oriental and the Cordillera Occidental, often separated by an intermediate depression

The average elevation in the Andes is about 13,000 feet (3,962 meters). The only mountains that are taller than the Andes are the Himalaya Mountains and their adjacent ranges, including the Hindu Kush.

Volume 7 – 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00069. Contrasting Climates at Both Sides of the Andes in Argentina and Chile

– 2Universidad de Río Negro, Sede Andina, El Bolsón, Argentina. The prominent Andes cordillera induces significant differences in climates between its eastern and western slopes

This study quantifies the abrupt changes of precipitation and cloud properties at both sides of the Andes south of 20°S by using surface daily precipitation and satellite (CloudSat and MODIS) data during the 2006–2016 period. Results show that the precipitation changes drastically and precipitating clouds can be of very different nature on each side of the Andes

Volume 8 – 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00064. Hydroclimate of the Andes Part I: Main Climatic Features

– 2Department of Geophysics, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. – 3Department of Geosciences and Environment Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Colombia

– 5Instituto de Hidráulica e Hidrología (IHH), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia. – 6Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina

The Andes is the longest mountain range in the world and boasts some of the highest peaks. The range is also known for its volcanoes, ruins of long-ago civilizations and the source of a malaria treatment.

Located along the entire western coast of South America, the Andes mountain range is about 4,500 miles (7,242 kilometers) long. The mountain range spans seven countries — Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina — and can be found between 10 degrees north and 57 degrees south latitudes and 70 degrees to 80 degrees west longitude

The average elevation in the Andes is about 13,000 feet (3,962 meters). The highest elevation in the Andes is Mount Aconcagua in Argentina, which is 22,841 feet (6,962 m) above sea level.

The low-level jet (LLJ) represents a wind maximum situated within the lowest 1–2 km, which sometimes exhibits a horizontal extent of subsynoptic dimensions and often has strong diurnal oscillations. The LLJ represents a relevant feature of the warm season low-level circulation and represents a poleward transport of warm and moist air concentrated in a relatively narrow region, with strong wind speeds at low levels downstream and to the east of mountain barriers, as documented in earlier studies for various regions of the world (Means 1952, 1954; Blackadar 1957; Bonner 1968; Stensrud 1996; Whiteman et al

They identified that the LLJ occurred most frequently over the Great Plains east of the Rocky Mountains, with significant diurnal and seasonal variations: more LLJs episodes in early morning soundings than in the afternoon soundings, and more episodes in the warm August–September season as well. The South American LLJ east of the Andes (SALLJ) has been characterized as a narrow stream that channels the near-surface flow between the Tropics and midlatitudes east of the mountain range

Recent work based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) have identified some of the circulation and moisture transport features of the low-level circulation east of the Andes, suggesting an active role for the SALLJ in the positioning and intensity of the South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ) and the rainfall and convection at the exit region of the jet in southeastern South America (Nogués-Paegle and Mo 1997; Seluchi and Marengo 2000; Berbery and Collini 2001; Mo and Paegle 2001; Berbery and Barros 2002; Nogués-Paegle et al. Simulations of the SALLJ using global and regional model have shown the basic low-level circulation and rainfall features detected in previous observational studies (Saulo et al

The wide range of latitudes that the South American continent occupies from north to south, the influence of the two oceans (Atlantic and Pacific) both with different temperatures in each side of the continent, the complicated topography along of the Andes – one of the highest and longest mountain chains in the planet -, explains accordingly the great variety of the weather in South America. On top of this, as everywhere else in the planet we are suffering of severe glacier receding and changes in the weather due to green house effect and holes in the ozone layer.

The area of our operations, the central Andes, has a great variety of climates and weather, but we could say that there are two main regions: one inside the tropics and the other below the Capricorn Tropic line, in the temperate zone. Nevertheless there are local differences that have to be considered at the time of travelling to the southern part of South America: at the same latitude it is possible to find extremely dry deserts, high altitude glaciers and extremely humid forests.

Depending of the area, the Rainy season may start as early as September, and extend as late as April. The precipitation varies depending not only in altitude but in geographical location