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What are Isotopes? | Properties of Matter | Chemistry | FuseSchool
What are Isotopes? | Properties of Matter | Chemistry | FuseSchool
What are Isotopes? | Properties of Matter | Chemistry | FuseSchool
DOE Explains…Isotopes [1]
A family of people often consists of related but not identical individuals. Isotopes are members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
For example, carbon has six protons and is atomic number 6. Carbon occurs naturally in three isotopes: carbon 12, which has 6 neutrons (plus 6 protons equals 12), carbon 13, which has 7 neutrons, and carbon 14, which has 8 neutrons
Carbon-12 is stable, meaning it never undergoes radioactive decay. Carbon-14 is unstable and undergoes radioactive decay with a half-life of about 5,730 years (meaning that half of the material will be gone after 5,730 years)
4.8: Isotopes- When the Number of Neutrons Varies [2]
– Explain what isotopes are and how an isotope affects an element’s atomic mass.. – Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons of an element with a given mass number.
For example, all carbon atoms have six protons, and most have six neutrons as well. But some carbon atoms have seven or eight neutrons instead of the usual six
Usually one or two isotopes of an element are the most stable and common. Different isotopes of an element generally have the same physical and chemical properties because they have the same numbers of protons and electrons.
What are Isotopes? [3]
Each element is distinguished by the number of protons, neutrons and electrons that it possesses. The atoms of each chemical element have a defining and same number of protons and electrons, but – crucially – not neutrons, whose numbers can vary.
They share almost the same chemical properties, but differ in mass and therefore in physical properties. There are stable isotopes, which do not emit radiation, and there are unstable isotopes, which do emit radiation
Why are the physical properties of all the isotopes of an element different? [4]
Why are the physical properties of all the isotopes of an element different?. The atoms of the same element having the same atomic number but different mass numbers are known as isotopes
Difference in physical properties of isotopes of an element:
chemguide: CIE A level chemistry support: Learning outcomes 1.2 [5]
The number of neutrons in an atom can vary within small limits. For example, there are three kinds of carbon atom 12C, 13C and 14C
These different atoms of carbon are called isotopes. The fact that they have varying numbers of neutrons makes no difference whatsoever to the chemical reactions of the carbon.
They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.. This just wants you to recognise that the information about isotopes can be given simply using the format shown below.
Why do isotopes have different physical properties? [6]
Why do isotopes have different physical properties?. Hint: The word isotope is generally made up from two Greek words called isos and topes which have the meaning “the same place”
The term isotope was first used by Scottish doctor Margaret Todd. Isotope mainly refers to the variation in the atomic mass or atomic weight of an element or we can also say those elements which have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
The isotopes of an element generally show different masses; this is due to the unequal numbers of neutrons present in them. Generally the elements which have odd atomic numbers will have one or two stable isotopes whereas elements with even atomic numbers will mostly have 3 or more stable isotopes
Isotope, what to remember [7]
The isotope is an atom whose properties give it a strategic place in many fields, such as health, industry and fundamental research. Let’s discover these strange “materials” at the heart of technological innovation…
Atoms are composed of a nucleus, around which electrons orbit.. Inside the atom’s nucleus are particles called neutrons, which are bound to protons
When we talk about an isotope, we distinguish a type of atom that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.. Inside the atomic nucleus, the number of protons defines the chemical properties of the atom
GCSE Combined Science Revision [8]
Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells. The numbers of subatomic particles in an atom can be calculated from its atomic number and mass number.
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. All hydrogen atoms contain one proton (and one electron), but they can contain different numbers of neutrons
|Hydrogen-1||\[_{1}^{1}\textrm{H}\]||1||1||1 – 1 = 0|. |Hydrogen-2||\[_{1}^{2}\textrm{H}\]||1||1||2 – 1 = 1|
DOE Explains…Isotopes [9]
A family of people often consists of related but not identical individuals. Isotopes are members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
For example, carbon has six protons and is atomic number 6. Carbon occurs naturally in three isotopes: carbon 12, which has 6 neutrons (plus 6 protons equals 12), carbon 13, which has 7 neutrons, and carbon 14, which has 8 neutrons
Carbon-12 is stable, meaning it never undergoes radioactive decay. Carbon-14 is unstable and undergoes radioactive decay with a half-life of about 5,730 years (meaning that half of the material will be gone after 5,730 years)
Genesis: Search for Origins – Atoms, Elements and Isotopes [10]
An atom is the basic structure from which all matter is composed, in the same manner as a brick is the basic structure from which a wall is built. Although atoms are too small to be seen with our eyes, scientists have long had indirect evidence for the existence of atoms
Just as a brick is basic to the structure of a wall,. Atoms are made of small particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons
Mass is the amount of matter that an object contains. The proton and neutron have roughly the same mass and have approximately one thousand times the mass of the electron
Atom – Mass, Isotopes, Structure [11]
The number of neutrons in a nucleus affects the mass of the atom but not its chemical properties. Thus, a nucleus with six protons and six neutrons will have the same chemical properties as a nucleus with six protons and eight neutrons, although the two masses will be different
It is usual to characterize different isotopes by giving the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus—a quantity called the atomic mass number. In the above example, the first atom would be called carbon-12 or 12C (because it has six protons and six neutrons), while the second would be carbon-14 or 14C.
The mass of an atom consists of the mass of the nucleus plus that of the electrons, so the atomic mass unit is not exactly the same as the mass of the proton or neutron.. Scientists have known since the late 19th century that the electron has a negative electric charge
Wikipedia [12]
Isotopes are distinct nuclear species (or nuclides, as technical term) of the same element. They have the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemical element), but differ in nucleon numbers (mass numbers) due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei
The term isotope is formed from the Greek roots isos (ἴσος “equal”) and topos (τόπος “place”), meaning “the same place”; thus, the meaning behind the name is that different isotopes of a single element occupy the same position on the periodic table.[2] It was coined by Scottish doctor and writer Margaret Todd in 1913 in a suggestion to the British chemist Frederick Soddy.[3]. The number of protons within the atom’s nucleus is called its atomic number and is equal to the number of electrons in the neutral (non-ionized) atom
The number of nucleons (both protons and neutrons) in the nucleus is the atom’s mass number, and each isotope of a given element has a different mass number.. For example, carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 are three isotopes of the element carbon with mass numbers 12, 13, and 14, respectively
Energy Education [13]
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom establishes how the atom will react chemically. In other words, the proton number determines the element
Changing the number of neutrons in an atom changes that atom’s atomic mass.[2]. All matter is made up of atoms in various arrangements
Each proton has a charge of +1, each electron a charge of -1, the neutrons have no charge (neutral charge–neutron). Atoms of the same element all have the same number of protons, by definition, because elements are defined by how many protons they have
Atomic theory: 1.14 [14]
The smallest building blocks of matter are the atoms. There are about 100 naturally ocurring types of atom
Isotopes are atoms of a specific element that have a definite number of neutrons and consequently a different mass. In effect all atoms are isotopes of one element or another.
For example, the element hydrogen has three isotopes, 1H, 2H and 3H. 1H is the most common of the isotopes and makes up 99.99% of any sample of hydrogen
Sources
- https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainsisotopes#:~:text=Isotopes%20are%20members%20of%20a,but%20different%20numbers%20of%20neutrons.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/College_of_Marin/CHEM_114%3A_Introductory_Chemistry/04%3A_Atoms_and_Elements/4.08%3A_Isotopes-_When_the_Number_of_Neutrons_Varies
- https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/what-are-isotopes
- https://byjus.com/question-answer/why-are-the-physical-properties-of-all-the-isotopes-of-an-element-different/
- https://www.chemguideforcie.co.uk/2022section1/learning1p2.html
- https://www.vedantu.com/question-answer/isotopes-have-different-physical-properties-class-10-chemistry-cbse-60993b70ed09f13c21b6c2e6
- https://www.orano.group/en/unpacking-nuclear/isotopes-what-to-remember
- https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zwn8b82/revision/5
- https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainsisotopes
- https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/genesismission/gm2/science/atoms.htm
- https://www.britannica.com/science/atom/Atomic-mass-and-isotopes
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope
- https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Isotope
- https://ibchem.com/IB16/01.14.htm
