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Eugenics and Francis Galton: Crash Course History of Science #23
Eugenics and Francis Galton: Crash Course History of Science #23
Eugenics and Francis Galton: Crash Course History of Science #23
MacTutor History of Mathematics [1]
BiographyAn explorer and anthropologist, Francis Galton is known for his pioneering studies of human intelligence. He devoted the latter part of his life to eugenics, i.e
Galton’s parents, both from important Quaker families, might have served as excellent examples of his ideas on hereditary genius. His mother, Frances Anne Violetta Darwin, was the daughter of the physician Erasmus Darwin, the author of Zoonomia or the Laws of Organic Life, in which he set out his ideas of evolution
Galton’s father, Samuel Tertius Galton, was a banker from a family which contained many rich bankers and gunsmiths. Francis was youngest of his parents seven children having three older brothers and three older sisters.
The Unbelievable Truth about Sir Francis Galton [2]
I have a motto: If at a loss, take inspiration from a tried and tested Radio 4 format.. This week it’s The Unbelievable Truth, the panel show built on truth and lies
Panellists win points for spotting truths, and lose points if they mistake a lie for a truth. Seeing as I’m the only one presenting, the lecture is longer than normal and contains 15 truths rather than the usual 5
This week, my subject is Sir Francis Galton, the Victorian scientist and statistician who propounded the term eugenics.. Francis Galton was born on February 16th 1822 at Sparkbrook, near Birmingham, the ninth child and first son of Samuel Tertius and Violetta Galton
Francis Galton [3]
|Awards||Royal Geographical Society’s Founder’s Medal (1853)|. |Fields||Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, Statistics|
He also developed the statistical concept of correlation and widely promoted regression toward the mean. He was the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and inheritance of intelligence, and introduced the use of questionnaires and surveys for collecting data on human communities, which he needed for genealogical and biographical works and for his anthropometric studies
As an investigator of the human mind, he founded psychometrics (the science of measuring mental faculties) and differential psychology, as well as the lexical hypothesis of personality. He devised a method for classifying fingerprints that proved useful in forensic science
Francis Galton | Biography, Travels, & Eugenics [4]
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.. – MedicineNet.com – Biography of Sir Francis Galton
– The Embryo Project Encyclopedia – Biography of Francis Galton. – Fact Monster – People – Biography of Sir Francis Galton
Francis Galton, in full Sir Francis Galton, (born February 16, 1822, near Sparkbrook, Birmingham, Warwickshire, England—died January 17, 1911, Grayshott House, Haslemere, Surrey), English explorer, anthropologist, and eugenicist known for his pioneering studies of human intelligence. Galton’s family life was happy, and he gratefully acknowledged that he owed much to his father and mother
Francis Galton: Intelligence Test & Theory [5]
Any thoughts on what these all have in common? All of these items or concepts were developed or heavily influenced by one man, Francis Galton.Who was Francis Galton?What was Francis Galton famous for?How did Francis Galton contribute to psychology?What was Francis Galton’s intelligence testing?There are so many things to know about Sir…. Explore our app and discover over 50 million learning materials for free.
Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen.Jetzt kostenlos anmelden. Any thoughts on what these all have in common? All of these items or concepts were developed or heavily influenced by one man, Francis Galton.
Before we dive into specifics, let’s first understand his title of a polymath.. A polymath is a person who is extremely knowledgeable and successful in a wide range of fields.
The Embryo Project Encyclopedia [6]
Sir Francis Galton was a British science writer and amateur researcher of the late nineteenth century. He contributed greatly to the fields of statistics, experimental psychology and biometry
Galton published influential writings on nature versus nurturein human personality traits, developed a family study method to identify possible inherited traits, and devised laws of genetic inheritance prior to the rediscovery of Gregor Mendel’s work. His most important contribution to the field of embryology was his work in statistical models of heredity.
He was the half-cousin of the famous naturalist Charles Darwin. Galton and Darwin shared the common grand father Erasmus Darwin, a famous naturalist and philosopher.
Francis Galton pioneered scientific advances in many fields – but also founded the racist pseudoscience of eugenics [7]
A popular pseudoscience was leaving its mark on American culture a century ago in everything from massive reductions in quotas for immigration to the U.S., to thousands of “fitter family” contests at county fairs, to a growing acceptance of birth control by those who thought it could curtail the fertility of “undesirables.”. These are just a few examples of the influence of eugenics in the early 20th century
It laid the groundwork for forced sterilization laws in the U.S. and Nazi “racial hygiene” programs and the Holocaust.
He made seminal contributions in fields as diverse as statistics, geology, meteorology, anthropology, psychology, biology and psychometrics. My interest in Galton was renewed through my university’s decision to remove from buildings the name of one of its past presidents – David Starr Jordan – who also happened to be a eugenicist.
Sir Francis Galton – Polymath [8]
On February 16, 1822, the cousin of Charles Darwin, Sir Francis Galton was born. Galton the polymath, was known for his fundamental contributions to anthropology, geographics, genetics, psychology, statistics, and eugenics
Born in the near of Birmingham, the cousin of Charles Darwin grew up in a family of educated relatives and friends, since the family had close contact to the Royal Society.[5] He was the ninth and last child of his father Samuel Tertius Galton, a son of Samuel John Galton, and his mother Frances Anne Violetta, a daughter of Erasmus Darwin. The Galtons were primarily successful weapons manufacturers and bankers belonging to the Quaker religious community, while the Darwins were dominated by respected physicians and scientists
That Francis Galton should become a doctor had been his mother’s main wish. After he had made a study trip through Europe in 1838, he began the first stage of medical training at Birmingham General Hospital in the autumn of the same year
Francis Galton: The man who drew up the ‘ugly map’ of Britain [9]
Francis Galton: The man who drew up the ‘ugly map’ of Britain. One hundred years after the death of Francis Galton, the “father of eugenics”, geneticists are increasingly baffled by the nature versus nurture debate, writes Professor Steve Jones.
Most of the hits are about human beings – which is a pretty impressive number, given that we have only 20,000 genes altogether.. The hits include genes for depression, religiosity, insomnia, marital failure and, perhaps surprisingly, premature ejaculation.
As they learn more, geneticists are finding that they have less and less of an idea about which is more important, or whether the question means anything in the first place.. Charles Darwin had an equally brilliant, but less well-known, cousin
Commentary: The birth of the twin study—a commentary on Francis Galton’s ‘The History of Twins’ [10]
John C Waller, Commentary: The birth of the twin study—a commentary on Francis Galton’s ‘The History of Twins’, International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 41, Issue 4, August 2012, Pages 913–917, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dys100. In 1875, the English scientist Francis Galton published an article entitled ‘The History of Twins’
This 137-year-old paper, reproduced in this volume, represents the first detailed attempt to use the phenomenon of twinning to estimate the relative powers of nature and nurture. Fittingly for a study of twins, Galton wrote a pair of very similar papers on the phenomenon in the same year
In the mid-1870s, however, he was also a rising man of English science.. Galton had an excellent scientific pedigree as the grandson of the poet and evolutionist Erasmus Darwin and the half-cousin of Charles Darwin
A Comment on Some of Sir Francis Galton’s Observations and Inferences with Regard to Free-Will [11]
A Comment on Some of Sir Francis Galton’s Observations and Inferences with Regard to Free-Will. Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 February 2009
The gain is as great as viewing the planetary system after the fashion of Copernicus, instead of that of Ptolemy. There is nothing contrary to experience in supposing that conflicting physiological actions may be perceived with a distinctness quite disproportionate to their real efficacy
We must be content to admit that our consciousness has a very inexact cognisance of the physiological battles in our brain, and that the mystery why apparently weak motives of one class should invariably get the better of apparently strong motives of another class, lies wholly in the word ‘apparently’. In short, that the appearances of their relative strength are deceptive”.
“Eugenics: Its Definition, Scope and Aims” by Francis Galton [12]
Read before the Sociological Society at a meeting in the School of Economies (London University), on May 16, 1904. EUGENICS is the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race; also with those that develop them to the utmost advantage
What is meant by improvement ? What by the syllable eu in “eugenics,” whose English equivalent is “good”? There is considerable difference between goodness in the several qualities and in that of the character as a whole. The character depends largely on the proportion between qualities, whose balance may be much influenced by education
Moreover, the goodness or badness of character is not absolute, but relative to the current form of civilization. Let the scene be the zoological gardens in the quiet hours of the night, and suppose that, as in old fables, the animals are able to converse, and that some very wise creature who had easy access to all the cages, say a philosophic sparrow or rat, was engaged in collecting the opinions of all sorts of animals with a view of elaborating a system of absolute morality
Loading interface… [13]
“Count wherever you can” was the motto of Sir Francis Galton’s extraordinary life. His measuring mind left its mark all over the scientific landscape
And his obsessive quest for knowledge extended far beyond conventional fields of learning. He turned tea-making into a theoretical science, counted the brush strokes on his portrait, and created a beauty map of the British Isles, ranking its cities on the basis of their feminine allure
Galton kick-started the enduring nature/nurture debate and took hereditary determinism to its darkest extreme, dreaming of a future society built on a race of pure-breeding supermen.. Through this colorful biography, Martin Brookes examines Galton’s scientific legacy and takes us on a fascinating journey to the origins of modern human genetics.
Eugenics in Britain [14]
Eugenics – meaning ‘good breeding’ – was coined in 1883 by Sir Francis Galton to describe ‘the science which deals with all influences which improve the inborn qualities of a race’.. While the ‘science’ of eugenics is now widely discredited, a few of its leading proponents, and numerous others with looser links to the movement, have been given London blue plaques in the past
We explore the controversial and changing ideas about eugenics, and some of the figures with blue plaques who supported or opposed it.. The statistician and explorer Francis Galton (1822–1911) was a cousin of Charles Darwin and, in common with other thinkers from this time, began to apply Darwin’s theories of natural selection to the human race
Concerns over the size and fitness of the population were not new and the backdrop for the growth of eugenics was a period of enormous social and economic change.. The eugenics movement in Britain was complex and crossed party-political divides but was most evident in the work of two organisations formed in the early 20th century: the Francis Galton Laboratory for National Eugenics and the Eugenics Society.
Sources
- https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Galton/#:~:text=An%20explorer%20and%20anthropologist%2C%20Francis,human%20species%20by%20selected%20parenthood.
- https://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/museums/2015/11/05/the-unbelievable-truth-about-sir-francis-galton/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Galton
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-Galton
- https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/psychology/famous-psychologists/francis-galton/
- https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/francis-galton-1822-1911
- https://theconversation.com/francis-galton-pioneered-scientific-advances-in-many-fields-but-also-founded-the-racist-pseudoscience-of-eugenics-144465
- http://scihi.org/sir-francis-galton-polymath/
- https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-13775520
- https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/41/4/913/687150
- https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/philosophy/article/comment-on-some-of-sir-francis-galtons-observations-and-inferences-with-regard-to-freewill/D7325CD41DAF75A628D3F7F7A2C30699
- https://galton.org/essays/1900-1911/galton-1904-am-journ-soc-eugenics-scope-aims.htm
- https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/217809.Extreme_Measures
- https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/blue-plaque-stories/eugenics/
