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Germany in Two-Front War and the Schlieffen-Plan I THE GREAT WAR – Week 2
Germany in Two-Front War and the Schlieffen-Plan I THE GREAT WAR – Week 2
Germany in Two-Front War and the Schlieffen-Plan I THE GREAT WAR – Week 2
Two-front war [1]
According to military terminology, a two-front war occurs when opposing forces encounter on two geographically separate fronts. The forces of two or more allied parties usually simultaneously engage an opponent in order to increase their chances of success
However, by virtue of the central position, they might possess the advantages[1] of the interior lines.[2][3]. The term has widely been used in a metaphorical sense, for example to illustrate the dilemma of military commanders in the field, who struggle to carry out illusory strategic ideas of civilian bureaucrats, or when moderate legal motions or positions are concurrently opposed by the political Left and Right.[4][5] Disapproval and opposition by the domestic anti-war movement and civil rights groups as opposed to the bloody military struggle of the late Vietnam War has also been described as a two-front war for the US troops, who fought in Vietnam.[6][7]
Aware of the dangers of a battle with the superior Spartans, Athens concentrated on the conquest of Boeotia and thus avoid a prolonged two-front war.[8]. On several occasions during the third century BCE, the Roman Republic engaged in two-front conflicts while clashing with the Gauls and Etruscans to the north and also campaigning in Magna Graecia (the coastal areas of Southern Italy)
World War I: Overview [2]
World War I was a major conflict fought between 1914 and 1918. Other names for World War I include the First World War, WWI, the War to End All Wars, and the Great War.
The main members of the Allied Powers were France, Russia, and Britain. The United States also fought on the side of the Allies after 1917
The majority of the fighting took place in Europe along two fronts: the western front and the eastern front. The western front was a long line of trenches that ran from the coast of Belgium to Switzerland
History of Germany during World War I [3]
During World War I, the German Empire was one of the Central Powers. It began participation in the conflict after the declaration of war against Serbia by its ally, Austria-Hungary
A tight blockade imposed by the Royal Navy caused severe food shortages in the cities, especially in the winter of 1916–17, known as the Turnip Winter. At the end of the war, Germany’s defeat and widespread popular discontent triggered the German Revolution of 1918–1919 which overthrew the monarchy and established the Weimar Republic.
The war was presented inside Germany as the chance for the nation to secure “our place under the sun,” as the Foreign Minister Bernhard von Bülow had put it, which was readily supported by prevalent nationalism among the public. The German establishment hoped the war would unite the public behind the monarchy, and lessen the threat posed by the dramatic growth of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, which had been the most vocal critic of the Kaiser in the Reichstag before the war
Battles of the Western Front 1914-1918 [4]
This article gives an overview of the battles on the Western Front.. – 1914 First Encounters and Battles of the Frontiers
– 1914 The “Race to the Sea”: Outflanking the Enemy. – 1916 Grinding Battles of Attrition: Verdun and the Somme
– 1918 Allied Advance to Victory: 100 Days Offensive. – 1918 Armistice: the Guns Fall Silent on 11 November
History of Germany during World War I [5]
During World War I, the German Empire was one of the Central Powers. It began participation in the conflict after the declaration of war against Serbia by its ally, Austria-Hungary
A tight blockade imposed by the Royal Navy caused severe food shortages in the cities, especially in the winter of 1916–17, known as the Turnip Winter. At the end of the war, Germany’s defeat and widespread popular discontent triggered the German Revolution of 1918–1919 which overthrew the monarchy and established the Weimar Republic.
The war was presented inside Germany as the chance for the nation to secure “our place under the sun,” as the Foreign Minister Bernhard von Bülow had put it, which was readily supported by prevalent nationalism among the public. The German establishment hoped the war would unite the public behind the monarchy, and lessen the threat posed by the dramatic growth of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, which had been the most vocal critic of the Kaiser in the Reichstag before the war
World War I: Summary, Causes, Facts & Dates [6]
World War I, also known as the Great War, started in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. His murder catapulted into a war across Europe that lasted until 1918
Thanks to new military technologies and the horrors of trench warfare, World War I saw unprecedented levels of carnage and destruction. By the time the war was over and the Allied Powers had won, more than 16 million people—soldiers and civilians alike—were dead.
A number of alliances involving European powers, the Ottoman Empire, Russia and other parties had existed for years, but political instability in the Balkans (particularly Bosnia, Serbia and Herzegovina) threatened to destroy these agreements.. The spark that ignited World War I was struck in Sarajevo, Bosnia, where Archduke Franz Ferdinand—heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire—was shot to death along with his wife, Sophie, by the Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip on June 28, 1914
The Fronts of World War I [7]
It wanted to defeat France, Russia’s ally, quickly, so that it could concentrate on the more powerful enemy in the east.. The border between France and Germany was heavily fortified
Belgium’s army fought bravely against the Germans but could not stop them. When the Germans reached the Marne River they were stopped by Allied soldiers
There, French and German troops fought several battles.. By 1915 both sides had dug themselves into trenches along the western front, which reached from the coast of Belgium to the Swiss border
Pritzker Military Museum & Library [8]
Chemical weapons were first systematically used in World War I, primarily as a strategic measure to intimidate, disorient, and injure soldiers occupying defensive positions in trenches. Such weapons were first employed by the German Army at the Battle of Ypres in April 1915 and then by the British Army in September 1915 at the Battle of Loos
While only three percent of combat deaths (less than 90,000 men) were caused by gas, hundreds of thousands of soldiers were permanently injured by gas attacks. Yet as the use of chemicals became more common both sides developed new countermeasures, including gas masks, which limited its overall usefulness in battle
40 maps that explain World War I [9]
One hundred years ago today, on August 4, 1914, German troops began pouring over the border into Belgium, starting the first major battle of World War I. The Great War killed 10 million people, redrew the map of Europe, and marked the rise of the United States as a global power
Immediately prior to the war’s outbreak in 1914, Central Europe was dominated by two powerful states: Germany to the north and its weaker cousin, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to the South. The two countries formed the core of the Central Powers, also known as the Quadruple Alliance because they were joined after war began by Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (modern Turkey)
These alliances set the stage for a massive war: any dispute between two members of these blocs could pull in all of the others, as the treaties committed these states to defending their allies. The Franco-Prussian War, 40 years before World War I, birthed the unified German state
The Eastern Front [10]
The US involvement in the European theater of operations was mainly confined to western Europe and Italy, but some of the war’s most savage fighting occurred on the Eastern Front, where the Axis powers had set out to conquer the Balkan Peninsula and the immense reaches of the Soviet Union. More combatants were killed on the Eastern Front than in all other theaters of World War II combined
As early as 1923, when Hitler authored Mein Kampf, he believed Germany’s destiny lay in defeating its historic enemy, France, and pushing eastward into the Soviet Union, exterminating both communism and the Slavic peoples. But he didn’t want to fight both countries at the same time, especially if Great Britain came to the defense of France.
The treaty also included a secret agreement to divide Poland, the Baltic States (Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania), Finland, and Romania into German and Soviet spheres of influence. Neither country fully trusted the other, but the agreement achieved short-term goals for both parties
World Wars: Definition, History & Timeline [11]
Death and destruction, trench warfare, and the Holocaust are just some of the images conjured up when you hear the words ‘world war’. Read on to learn more about the definition of a world war, and examine the two major conflicts of the 20th century that we know as ‘world wars’: World War I and World War II.Contrary to the…
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Death and destruction, trench warfare, and the Holocaust are just some of the images conjured up when you hear the words ‘world war’. Read on to learn more about the definition of a world war, and examine the two major conflicts of the 20th century that we know as ‘world wars’: World War I and World War II.
Stars and Stripes: The American Soldiers’ Newspaper of World War I, 1918-1919 [12]
World War I was the first time in American history that the United States sent soldiers abroad to defend foreign soil. On April 6, 1917, when the United States declared war against Germany, the nation had a standing army of 127,500 officers and soldiers
Once war was declared, the army attempted to mobilize the troops very quickly. The fatigued British and French troops, who had been fighting since August 1914, sorely needed the relief offered by the American forces
Pershing and his staff soon realized how ill-prepared the United States was to transport large numbers of soldiers and necessary equipment to the front, where supplies, rations, equipment, and trained soldiers were all in short supply. Since even the transport ships needed to bring American troops to Europe were scarce, the army pressed into service cruise ships, seized German ships, and borrowed Allied ships to transport American soldiers from New York, New Jersey, and Virginia
World War I for Kids [13]
Long before the start of World War I, Germany had been preparing for war. They were an industrial country and they needed places to sell their goods
Their plan was to quickly defeat France and take over some or all of her colonies. That would leave them free to focus on Russia so they could take over pieces of the Russian Empire as well
In June 1914, the Archduke Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated in the Balkans, in Bosnia by a Serbian national. Austria-Hungary suspected that Russia and Serbia had a secret treaty
Central Powers [14]
The Allies described the wartime military alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire as the ‘Central Powers’. The name referred to the geographical location of the two original members of the alliance, Germany and Austria-Hungary, in central Europe
As well as providing the alliance with its name, the geographical position of the German and Austro-Hungarian empires also gave the Central Powers at least one very important strategic advantage over the Allies they were fighting. It was much easier for the Germans and Austro-Hungarians to move troops, equipment and supplies from one battle front to another because they could do much of this on their domestic railway networks.
It was no more difficult for the Austro-Hungarians to move five infantry divisions from the Eastern Front to the Italian Front, or to the Salonika Front in the Balkans.. Compare this situation with the difficulties faced by the Allies in moving men, equipment and supplies from one battle front to another
Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs [15]
At the dawn of the 20th century, few anticipated a global war, but what came to be known as the Great War began on June 28, 1914, with the assassinations of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, while they were visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia, a country recently annexed into the Austrian Empire. Many Bosnians and their Serbian neighbors resented this foreign rule and the Archduke’s visit to Sarajevo provided the opportunity for a small band of Serbian dissidents to strike back
The conflict soon involved Russia, France and Belgium. Fearful of a full-scale world war that would threaten its sea routes to other countries, Great Britain joined the fight against Germany and Austria.
Nations were categorized either as Central Powers or Allies. Countries that joined the Central Powers, such as Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire, supported Austria-Hungary and Germany
Why did World War One start? [16]
It became known as The Great War, as it affected people all over the world.. Each of the countries got their troops ready to fight
Great Britain, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia all ruled many countries (colonies) across the world. They wanted to keep their empires strong and saw other countries taking over new territories as a threat.
On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was shot and killed by a Serbian man who thought Serbia should control Bosnia instead of Austria.. Because its leader had been shot, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Sources
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-front_war#:~:text=During%20World%20War%20I%2C%20Germany,Romania%20on%20the%20Eastern%20Front.
- https://www.ducksters.com/history/world_war_i/#:~:text=The%20majority%20of%20the%20fighting,coast%20of%20Belgium%20to%20Switzerland.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Germany_during_World_War_I#:~:text=German%20forces%20fought%20the%20Allies,when%20East%20Prussia%20was%20invaded.
- http://www.greatwar.co.uk/battles/#:~:text=This%20battle%20front%20was%20known,on%20Germany’s%20%E2%80%9Ceastern%20front%E2%80%9D.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Germany_during_World_War_I
- https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-history
- https://www.english-online.at/history/world-war-1/fronts-of-world-war-i.htm
- https://www.pritzkermilitary.org/explore/wwi/key-terms-events
- https://www.vox.com/a/world-war-i-maps
- https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/eastern-front
- https://www.hellovaia.com/explanations/history/world-wars/
- https://www.loc.gov/collections/stars-and-stripes/articles-and-essays/a-world-at-war/american-expeditionary-forces/
- https://ww1.mrdonn.org/europe.html
- https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/central-powers
- https://history.delaware.gov/world-war-i/
- https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zqhyb9q/articles/znhhrj6
