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How Mozart’s Turkish March Got Its Name
How Mozart’s Turkish March Got Its Name
How Mozart’s Turkish March Got Its Name
Turkish music (style) [1]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Turkish music, in the sense described here, is not the music of Turkey, but rather a musical style that was occasionally used by the European composers of the Classical music era
An important impetus for Turkish music occurred in 1699, when Austria and the Ottoman Empire negotiated the Treaty of Karlowitz. To celebrate the treaty, the Turkish diplomatic delegation brought a Janissary band along with other performers to Vienna for several days of performances.
The cultural influence at first involved actual importation of Turkish musicians, as Henry George Farmer relates:. – The credit for having introduced this battery of percussion and concussion into Europe usually goes to Poland which, in the 1720s, had received a full Turkish band from the Sultan
FIVE EXAMPLES OF WESTERN COMPOSERS INFLUENCED BY A “TURKISH THEME” [2]
FIVE EXAMPLES OF WESTERN COMPOSERS INFLUENCED BY A “TURKISH THEME”. Five Examples of Western Composers Influenced by a “Turkish Theme”
Modest Mussorgsky (1839-1881), “Capture of Kars” -Solemn March. Johannes Brahms (1833-1897), op.64, Quartet for Chorus and Piano, “Fragen” movement.
Perhaps the first examples of this are two pieces by Mozart. The most important of these is one of the composer’s most beloved operas, “Abduction from the Seraglio,” because its subject, as well as its set and musical themes reflect the influence of eastern themes
Mozart and his “Alla Turca” [3]
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) is undoubtedly a genius of classical music that still holds a special place in today’s musical scene.. He was able to reach the top through the excellent education he received from his father Leopold Mozart, composer, violinist and highly respected professor at the time, but also through his own talent, especially as a composer and musician
He was also one of the most important masters of the Opera. His exceptional mastery greatly influenced the design of the concerto, the symphony and sonata
This daring artist is a jack-of-all trades: according to his discoveries, each genre, each instrument and musical form draws. His curiosity has no limits, and this is what made him an accomplished composer: his works bring together both the strength and grace as well as emotion and sadness.
All About Turkish Music: Traditional & Modern [4]
Turkish music is a great example of cultural influences. Turkey is a great country with various types of songs and generally has a rich musical tradition in all parts of the country
Turkey is consists of wonderful musical tradition Eastern, Western, Mediterranean, Middle East and is located in the heart of Islamic culture. The cultural diversity of Anatolia is so wealthy that you can see a wide range of cultural differences even in geographically proximate areas.
Besides all the popularity of Turkey real estate is increasing day by day especially luxury villas in Turkey are observing an important development in the real estate market. As well as villas, detached houses for sale in Turkey also seen high demand by foreigners
Turkish folk music [5]
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Its unique structure includes regional differences under one umbrella. It includes popular music from the Ottoman Empire era
Traditional folk music was combined with Western harmony and musical notation to create a more modern style of popular Turkish music.. Western music had begun to influence Ottoman music from before the early Tanzimat period.[1] According to Degirmenci “the first westernization movement in music happened in the Army; in 1826 Giuseppe Donizetti, brother of the famous opera composer Gaetano, was invited to head the military band of Nizam-i Cedid (the Army of the New Order), which was founded by Selim III.”[2] Sultan Abdulhamit II was said to prefer Western music, saying “To tell the truth, I am not especially fond of alaturka music
East meets West: The influence of alla turca style in Mozart and Haydn’s music (MUS 663-Music in Gallant period-Term Paper) [6]
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.. This paper investigates the influence of alla turca style in music by W.A
The paper will look at various musical examples, specifically examining orchestration, instrumentation and texture.The result is educational, striking impacts and surprising moments in some of the best-loved works in western classical music.. Treasures of MaltaSounds of War and the Exotic alla turca..2015
In spite of the general fear aroused by the Ottomans, there was a perceived exoticism and fascination for everything Turkish that left a lasting effect on the instrumentation of Western Europe.. A brief look at the Turkish Music influences on Europeans during the 18th century.
What Is Exoticism In Music? [7]
Enlightenment Europe in the 18th century was captivated by Eastern cultures. , This fascination was expressed through exoticism in music, literature, art, and design As the Christian church began to lose its monopoly on the minds of intellectuals and artists, the cultures of non-Western lands became a new source of inspiration by introducing alternate ways of thought
This fascination with non-European cultures was in some respects generalized: China, Egypt, India, and so on, were all ripe topics. But for the Viennese, whose city was almost taken by the Ottomans in 1683, Turkey represented one of the most formidable, dangerous, yet simultaneously alluring of all the exotic “others.”
One of Gluck’s French opéra-comiques, La rencontre imprévue (or Die Pilger von Mekka) includes Turkish elements in its story, as well as a character named Osmin. First performed in 1766, this opera was then given new music by Haydn and performed in Vienna in 1775
The Turk on the Opera Stage [8]
Gluck’s “La Rencontre imprévue ou Les Pèlerins de la Mecque”. Beginning in 1389 with the Battle of Kosovo, the Ottoman Empire and the major European Nations faced their first military confrontation against each other
As centuries passed by, the Turks manage several military victories but were finally defeated in 1683 when they besieged Vienna. However, the wars created a certain image of the Turks in the mind of the people who suffered from their attacks
During the first crusade at the end of the 11th century, European crusaders were fighting against the Seljuqs, a Tur- kish dynasty, in order to recapture Jerusalem. The following crusades were also marked by fights against the Turks
Die Entführung aus dem Serail [9]
With the help of their lovers, Konstanze and her maid plot their escape from Pasha Selim’s harem. But when their plans are betrayed and punishment looms, help comes from an unlikely quarter.
David McVicar’s hedonistic culture-clash comedy sets Die Entführung aus dem Serail in an 18th-century Eastern fantasy of sun-filled gardens and cool, shady terraces.. The young Spanish noblewoman Konstanze has been abducted by pirates together with her English maid Blonde, and Pedrillo, her betrothed Belmonte’s valet
Pedrillo has smuggled letters out to his master and Belmonte has sailed from Spain to try to rescue them.. Finding himself outside the country house of the Pasha, Belmonte encounters the surly overseer Osmin, who chases him off
Wolfgang Amadeus MozartDie Entführung aus dem Serail, K. 384 [10]
During its days of largest expansion and influence in the 17th century, the Ottoman Empire controlled much of Southeastern Europe, the Middle East and Northern Africa. Remaining a constant military threat to Central Europe over several centuries, Turkish troops famously laid siege to Vienna in 1529, and again in 1683
Regardless whether such gastronomic claims are valid or not, they do underscore a Viennese fascination with various aspects of Turkish culture. In fact, throughout Western Europe, it became highly fashionable to incorporate ‘exotic’ elements appropriated from Turkish art, into local architecture, sculpture and music.
Haydn, Beethoven and Mozart wrote music that reflected the spirited, powerful, and colorful properties of these distinctive military marches. Within the context of music, this meant an expansion of the orchestra to include the bass drum, the triangle, cymbals and the piccolo flute, and references to characteristic march rhythms, accentuated by melody instruments playing grace notes on the beat
What does a Turkish Janissary band have to do with Mozart? [11]
When I was 15, still happily taking piano lessons with the lady down the street after all my peers had long ago given up such endeavors, I fell in love with the third movement of Mozart’s Piano Sonata No. Mozart himself titled the rondo “Alla Turca.” The title meant nothing to me at the time, despite the enormous presence the movement had in my house.
It made me think of marching through grassy fields, a synchronized stomp teetering at the brink of a frenetic tearing away into frenzy and commotion.. It was ten years later when I realized how apt that mental image probably was
dissertation, for which I wrote a chapter about the attempted invasion of Vienna in 1683 by Ottoman forces. “Turca” swam back into my head, as did the old mental images, and then I remembered that Mozart was Austrian
The Enjoyment of Music, 10e [12]
East Meets West: Turkish Influences on the Viennese Classics. We are all fascinated by the new and the mysterious
Over the centuries, there had been ample opportunities, most of them military, for cultural interaction between the Austrian Hapsburg Empire and the large and powerful Ottoman Empire, which included Turkey. When the dust from their hostile skirmishes had settled, more civil relations were established
The Janissary band originated in Turkey in the fourteenth century as an elite corps of mounted musicians composed of shawm and bass drum players. (We have already noted in CP 4 the introduction of these instruments into Western Europe as a result of the Crusades and the establishment of early trade routes.) In the seventeenth century, the trumpet, small kettledrums, cymbals, and bell trees were added to this ceremonial ensemble, thereby producing a loud and highly percussive effect
From the Ottomans to Mozart, festival celebrates the rich heritage of Turkish music [13]
From the Ottomans to Mozart, festival celebrates the rich heritage of Turkish music. Just a century after Austria repelled Ottoman troops from the gates of Vienna, a young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, newly arrived in the city, wrote an opera about the feared former foe that he set in a Pasha’s harem.
The result, his “Abduction from the Seraglio,” which he composed in 1782, is the most famous example of opera’s long fascination with Turkish culture, in which composers have seized on Turkish characters or settings to invoke passion and melodrama and mimicked Turkish melodies and instruments.. In celebration of this trend, the Turkish state opera has brought the Ottoman-inspired works of Western classical composers, as well as those of Turkish opera composers, to some of Istanbul’s most famous outdoor settings this month − including the Sultans’ former homes, Topkapi palace and Yildiz palace.
Mozart’s operas provide the most positive depictions of the Ottoman world. At the end of “Abduction from the Seraglio” Pasha Selim grants freedom to two foreign women in his harem who were abducted by pirates and caught trying to escape with their former lovers.
Turqueric Influence in Mozart’s Alla Turca – 2363 Words [14]
The early, middle, and the late period, but for the sake of this paper, they will be referred to as stages to avoid confusion. This paper will compare two composers one from the early stage and another from the late stage
The purpose of this paper is to compare these two composers’ composition style through the analysis of two of their works.. The effects of Mozart on today’s society can be seen just about everywhere
In restaurants, they play music to help the customer feel relaxed in their establishment. It seems that music permeates almost every aspect of our everyday lives
Opera – Italian Buffa, Mozart’s Don Giovanni and Die Zauberflöte [15]
Italian opera buffa strongly attracted Viennese audiences, and Austrian composers were naturally influenced by it. Perhaps the most interesting of the Vienna-born composers of 18th-century comic opera was Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf, whose Italianate Doktor und Apotheker (1786; “Doctor and Apothecary”), though successful and lively, was overshadowed by the contemporary works of Mozart.
Several of Haydn’s operas have had modern-day revivals, including Il mondo della luna (1777; “The World of the Moon,” libretto by Carlo Goldoni), L’isola disabitata (1779; “The Deserted Island,” libretto by Pietro Metastasio), and La fedeltà premiata (1780; “Faithfulness Rewarded,” libretto by Giovanni Battista Lorenzi).. Vienna was an important centre for the operatic career of Mozart, who proved himself as one of the greatest masters of what was still the most prestigious of music genres
This was Idomeneo (1781; libretto by Giambattista Varesco in imitation of Metastasio). In this work, Mozart combined the conventions of opera seria with characteristics that reveal the influence of Gluck and the tragédie lyrique
Islam in European Classical Music As-salam alaykum Resounding from the Minaret [16]
Islam in European Classical MusicAs-salam alaykum Resounding from the Minaret. The very first great opera is like a story from the Thousand and One Nights
He, however, remains staunchly unimpressed, and comments that there are more jewels adorning his Sultan’s horse than are in the crown of the French king.. How can I take revenge, he asks himself – and comes up with a plan, which he confides to two of his courtiers: two artists
They are in the middle of writing their new opera, Le bourgeois gentilhomme, when the king demands that a savagely comic scene be worked into the story. He wants to have a really good laugh at the Turks’ expense.
Why Mozart Wrote The Turkish March [17]
One of the most popular questions about Mozart is why he wrote the Turkish March. The answer is not fully known, but there are some possible explanations
Another possibility is that he was trying to please one of his patrons, who may have been interested in Turkish culture. Mozart also wrote other pieces with Turkish influences, such as the Rondo alla Turca, so it is likely that he simply enjoyed writing music in this style
A piano sonata is a series of piano tunes; this tune is a part of one, and the final tune in the series is ‘Rondo.’ Mozart’s opera Die Entf14hrung aus dem Serail (The Abduction from the Harem) was a huge success when it was first performed around the time of the composition of ‘Sonata No 11.’ As a result, Beethoven composed a piece for a play that included a Turkish march as well as other incidental music. It is also a Dave Brubeck composition called ‘Blue Rondo a la Turk,’ though the title does have a Mozart connection.
“By the Beard of the Prophet”: The Turk in Mozart’s Vienna [18]
In the eighteenth century, the Turk appeared frequently as a subject in European art and literature. Turquerie—a fashion for Turkish styles and aesthetics—influenced the paintings, costumes, architecture, and music of the era, and travel literature provided detailed descriptions of the Ottoman realms
In Vienna, the capital of the Austrian Hapsburg Empire, the Turk was cast as a subject and perpetuator of despotism. Austrian productions mocked and vilified the Turk, attacking the cultural and political institutions that supposedly supported this despotism
European ideas of religion, governance, and love were celebrated as less oppressive and therefore superior to their Turkish counterparts. Thus, artists and writers lent cultural aid to the Austrian Emperor Joseph II’s attempts at Enlightened political reform
History [19]
In order to provide you with a better shopping experience, we place cookies on our site, and will continue to use personal data collected with cookies in accordance with our Data Policy – the purposes and methods and regulations set forth in our information.. Atatürk, in 1934, gave a speech in Turkish Grand National Assembly uttering these words: “…The measure in a nation’s recent change is its ability to conceive and comprehend the change in music… It is necessary to gather national feelings and immediately process them according to general musical rules
It is known that culture, music being in the first place, has an immense role in development of countries. The relation between dominant culture and a country’s improvement especially in the musical field is an evidenced case by social scientists
In essence of this process, there lies nationality, modernity in administration, universality in its quality.. During the proclamation of the Republic; branches of art such as theatre, opera, ballet and polyphonic music are determined as signs of contemporary civilization indicators
Start reading The Singing Turk [20]
Operas on Turkish subjects were performed all over Europe in the eighteenth century. The figure of the singing Turk recurred in every decade on every stage, and constituted an enormous cultural phenomenon, with Ottoman characters and stories constantly recycled, set to new music, and presented in Turkish costumes and on Turkish stage sets
Much more than any of these latter masterpieces, however, Mozart’s Abduction was purposefully composed to fit with a particular trend, by focusing on an Ottoman subject, as Mozart intended the work to be his vehicle for introducing himself to Vienna as an opera composer. Mozart’s own celebrity later guaranteed the long-term survival of the Abduction, which therefore comes down to us as the magnificently visible tip of a vast submerged repertory that has been largely forgotten
The century of Turkish subjects in European opera was a long eighteenth century, dating from the 1680s to the 1820s, a distinctive period in European-Ottoman relations from the wars of the Holy League in the 1680s, when the Habsburgs withstood the siege of Vienna and then conquered Hungary, until the Greek War of Independence in the 1820s, which produced the modern “Eastern Question” of how to regulate the ongoing territorial displacement of the Ottomans. In the mid-seventeenth century, the Ottoman empire might still have been denounced in Europe according to the rhetoric of early modern epithets—as the Enemy of God or the Infidel Scourge—consistent with the spirit of religious crusading
English Content [21]
What business did Western Classical Music Composers have imitating Turkish military music?. I have always been keen to know where and which musical pieces in the Ottoman repertoire have been assimilated by the Western classical musicians
Mozart and his Piano Sonata No.11 in A major, K.331/300, III. In the 18th century, Europe was very much taken by The Turkish (Alla Turca) style
The Europeans were mostly impressed by the Music Bands of the Janissaries (mehter). The military bands of the janissaries were called mehter, which literally means “pre-eminence”, “harmonica player”, “tentmaker,” or “kavas”.
Exoticism [22]
In much of the extensive literature on the subject, exoticism is considered a form of representation in which peoples, places, and cultural practices are depicted as foreign from the perspective of the composer and/or intended audience. In earlier usage of the term, “exoticism” and “exotic” referred to an inherent quality or status of the non-Western other
In this sense, “exoticism” is most properly considered in its predicate form: to exoticize, both through acts of representation and perception. Postcolonial studies emphasize the political functions of exotic representation in the power dynamics between imperialist powers and the subaltern rather than detailing stylistic influence
Scholars differ on the relationship between the term exoticism and such other terms as Orientalism, primitivism, medievalism, and archaicism. For the purposes of this bibliographical article, and reflecting current scholarly usage, we will consider exoticism as a term encompassing the others and as roughly equivalent to Orientalism
Sources
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_music_(style)
- http://www.turkishmusicportal.org/en/articles/five-examples-of-western-composers-influenced-by-a-turkish-theme
- http://www.mypianomasterclass.com/mozart-piano.html#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20most%20important%20works%20of%20Mozart%20is%20the,)%20or%20%22Turkish%20March%22.
- https://www.melares.com/en/blog/contents/turkish-music#:~:text=Turkish%20music%20is%20mainly%20influenced,in%20Turkish%20music%20is%20developing.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_folk_music#:~:text=The%20scales%20of%20Turkish%20folk%20music%20are%20associated%20with%20different,Kerem%2C%20Misket%2C%20and%20M%C3%BCstezad.
- https://www.academia.edu/23434836/East_meets_West_The_influence_of_alla_turca_style_in_Mozart_and_Haydn_s_music_MUS_663_Music_in_Gallant_period_Term_Paper_
- https://utahopera.org/explore/2014/04/mozart-and-musical-exoticism/
- https://www.grin.com/document/141533
- https://operavision.eu/performance/die-entfuhrung-aus-dem-serail
- https://interlude.hk/wolfgang-amadeus-mozartdie-entfuhrung-aus-dem-serail-k-384/
- https://www.yourclassical.org/story/2013/11/12/mozart-alla-turca
- https://wwnorton.com/college/music/enj10/complete/content/unit/persp_09.htm
- https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F07%2F14%2F157547
- https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Turqueric-Influence-in-Mozarts-Alla-Turca-PKYBX5A8CK8Q
- https://www.britannica.com/art/opera-music/Viennese-masters
- https://en.qantara.de/content/islam-in-european-classical-music-as-salam-alaykum-resounding-from-the-minaret
- https://tomsonhighway.com/why-mozart-wrote-the-turkish-march/
- https://scholarship.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/handle/10066/22672
- https://www.operabale.gov.tr/en-us/kurumsal/genel-mudurluk/Pages/History.aspx
- https://www.sup.org/books/extra/?id=25911&i=Introduction.html
- https://tikabasamuzik.com/alla-turca/
- https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199757824/obo-9780199757824-0123.xml
