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Wolves of Isle Royale – Project Overview
Wolves of Isle Royale – Project Overview
Wolves of Isle Royale – Project Overview
Climate Change Is Likely to Alter Future Wolf – Moose – Forest Interactions at Isle Royale National Park, United States [1]
Volume 8 – 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.543915. Climate Change Is Likely to Alter Future Wolf – Moose – Forest Interactions at Isle Royale National Park, United States
– 2Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, United States. We evaluated how climate change and variable rates of moose browsing intensity, as they relate to wolf predation, might affect the forests of Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, United States by conducting a modeling experiment
Our results indicate that the interactive effects of wolf predation and climate change are likely to be temporally variable and dependent on biogeographic and forest successional processes. During the first 50 years of 120-year simulations, when the effects of climate change were less impactful, higher simulated rates of predation by wolves reduced moose population densities, resulting in greater forest biomass and higher carrying capacities for moose
Chapter 3 — Global Warming of 1.5 ºC [2]
This chapter builds on findings of AR5 and assesses new scientific evidence of changes in the climate system and the associated impacts on natural and human systems, with a specific focus on the magnitude and pattern of risks linked for global warming of 1.5°C above temperatures in the pre-industrial period. Chapter 3 explores observed impacts and projected risks to a range of natural and human systems, with a focus on how risk levels change from 1.5°C to 2°C of global warming
The global climate has changed relative to the pre-industrial period, and there are multiple lines of evidence that these changes have had impacts on organisms and ecosystems, as well as on human systems and well-being (high confidence). The increase in global mean surface temperature (GMST), which reached 0.87°C in 2006–2015 relative to 1850–1900, has increased the frequency and magnitude of impacts (high confidence), strengthening evidence of how an increase in GMST of 1.5°C or more could impact natural and human systems (1.5°C versus 2°C)
Human-induced global warming has already caused multiple observed changes in the climate system (high confidence). Changes include increases in both land and ocean temperatures, as well as more frequent heatwaves in most land regions (high confidence)
20. Economics of the environment [3]
How economic activity affects the fragile biosphere of our planet, and how the resulting environmental problems can be addressed. – Production and distribution of goods and services unavoidably alter the biosphere.
– Well-designed environmental policies implement the least-cost ways of reducing environmental damages and balance the cost of reducing environmental damage against the benefits.. – Some policies use taxes or subsidies to alter prices so that people internalize the external environmental effects of their production and consumption decisions; other policies directly prohibit or limit the use of environmentally damaging materials and practices.
– Evaluating environmental policies raises challenging questions about how to value our natural surroundings and the wellbeing of future generations.. In 1980, one of the most famous bets in science history took place
Climate change [4]
In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth’s climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth’s climate
Larger amounts of these gases trap more heat in Earth’s lower atmosphere, causing global warming.. Climate change is causing a range of increasing impacts on the environment
These include ocean heating, ocean acidification and sea level rise.[9]. Climate change threatens people with increased flooding, extreme heat, increased food and water scarcity, more disease, and economic loss
Impacts of climate change [5]
Antarctica has experienced air temperature increases of 3°C in the Antarctic Peninsula. Although that might not seem very much, it is 5 times the mean rate of global warming as reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
This warming is not only restricted to the land but can also be noted in the Southern Ocean. Upper ocean temperatures to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula have increased over 1°C since 1955
Studying climate change in Antarctica is important because it enables scientists to predict more accurately future climate change and provide information to politicians and policy makers.. The warming of the Antarctic Peninsula is causing changes to the physical and living environment of Antarctica
Losing Earth: The Decade We Almost Stopped Climate Change [6]
Thirty years ago, we had a chance to save the planet.. Almost nothing stood in our way — except ourselves.
We knew everything we needed to know, and nothing stood in our way. This narrative by Nathaniel Rich is a work of history, addressing the 10-year period from 1979 to 1989: the decisive decade when humankind first came to a broad understanding of the causes and dangers of climate change
With support from the Pulitzer Center, this two-part article is based on 18 months of reporting and well over a hundred interviews. It tracks the efforts of a small group of American scientists, activists and politicians to raise the alarm and stave off catastrophe
Speech – Climate change: too true to be good [7]
Speech by Sir James Bevan, Chief Executive of the Environment Agency Royal Society of Arts, 24 September 2018. This speech takes twenty minutes, provided I don’t get heckled
The three most important things we can do are to stop the activities that cause it; enhance our resilience to its effects; and talk about it.. I find it’s a bit like “sustainable development”: a phrase at which many people quietly glaze over and switch off
The rise in global temperature over the last several decades is a matter of public record. There is an overwhelming scientific consensus that it can only be explained by one thing: the rise in greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities.
Climate Change Act 2022 [8]
An Act to set out Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets, to provide for annual climate change statements, to confer advisory functions on the Climate Change Authority, and for related purposes. (1) Each provision of this Act specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table
Note: This table relates only to the provisions of this Act as originally enacted. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this Act.
Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this Act.. (aa) to advance an effective and progressive response to the urgent threat of climate change drawing on the best available scientific knowledge; and
Climate change [9]
Youth volunteers in Iran plant 100,000 trees to protect people and planet. In recent years, the country has suffered from both severe flooding and droughts linked to our warming world.
Local Iranian Red Crescent volunteers are experienced in responding to disasters like these—deploying quickly to provide lifesaving first aid and rescue services, food, water, shelter, health services, and long-term support to recover.. But as well as just responding to climate-related disasters, the Iranian Red Crescent Society is increasingly working to prepare for them, and even prevent or reduce their impact on communities.
Most people know that by absorbing carbon, producing oxygen, providing shade and cooling, and maintaining soil health, trees contribute to the overall health of our planet.. But did you also know that trees can also help protect us from weather-related disasters?
Sources
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2020.543915
- https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/chapter-3/
- https://www.core-econ.org/the-economy/book/text/20.html
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change
- https://discoveringantarctica.org.uk/climate-change/impacts-of-climate-change/
- https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/01/magazine/climate-change-losing-earth.html
- https://www.gov.uk/government/news/speech-climate-change-too-true-to-be-good
- https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2022A00037
- https://www.ifrc.org/taxonomy/term/2434
